Abortion in context: What was the fate of an unwanted or orphaned child in the nineteenth century? :: Essays Papers

Abortion in context: What was the fate of an unwanted or orphaned child in the nineteenth century? For as much as has been written about the crime of abortion and infanticide, equally much as been said against forced maternity, marital rape, and woman’s lack of control over her own body, all circumstances resulting in unwanted pregnancy and unwanted children. Such circumstances all stemmed from unique family, social, or health issues, with no one cause resulting in the abandonment of a child. A lack of knowledge about both sanitation and about women’s health resulted in the deaths of mothers during birth. General poverty and migration from farms to city centers made large families more difficult to support financially. Giving up a child because it could not be economically supported by its family was a common occurrence. As abortion became more stigmatized and criminalized, children who were the product of rape or wedlock were also abandoned. Deaths related to the Civil War also dramatically increased the numbers of orphaned children. Within the pages of The Revoluti on, it is asked: â€Å"Women who are in the last stages of consumption, who know that their offspring must be puny, suffering, neglected orphans, are still compelled to submit to maternity, and dying in childbirth, are their husbands ever condemned? Oh, no!† (2) Stemming from models developed in Rome under Marcus Aurelius and Florence’s Innocenti, orphans were first nursed by peasant women, then adopted or apprenticed by the time they were seven or eight years old (Simpson 136). Care of the orphans (and also the sick, the poor, the elderly, and the mentally ill) was first the responsibility of the church, but with increased legislation, the responsibility gradually fell under the state (Simpson 137). Pennsylvania passed such a â€Å"poor law† in 1705, establishing an â€Å"Overseer of the Poor† for each township. Each overseer was responsible for finding funds for children and more commonly, for finding positions of servitude or apprenticeship (7). Such a model of short-term care followed by adoption, apprenticeship, or indentured servitude became the standard for dealing with orphaned children. The development of specific orphanages or child asylums, however, did not come until later in the nineteenth century. Orphaned children were first treated in almshouses, first established in Philadelphia in 1731 (7). Poorhouses, workhouses, and almshouses, all essentially the same institution, housed both adults and children without homes. Residents were seen as nearly free sources of labor, working in sweatshops or nearby mines in the case of several British poorhouses (5).

Reflections on ‘How To Think Like Leonardo da Vinci’

After reading the 322 page How To Think Like Leonardo da Vinci book written by Michael Gelb, I felt a new world of insights rush into me.   I fell into an in-depth appreciation of Leonardo da Vinci’s genius!Although many critics say that Leonardo da Vinci was a failure particularly due to the fact that a lot of his works were left unfinished, I believe otherwise.   He was a great man who attempted to delve into a multitude of fields.He was an architect, sculptor, painter, inventor, tactician and strategist, mathematician, and a scientist, but only to mention some.   His ideas were truly far beyond his time, and if only his ideas were properly publicized it would have made a greater impact earlier on in history.I realized that in each of us lies the potential to be a genius.   To quote the author, ‘the human mind is more powerful than we think it is.’   As an art teacher, this perspective in dealing with students is important in order to fully cultivate, as well as appreciate, the students’ potentials.The Seven Da Vincian Principles were enlightening.   Through the exercises provided to develop each principle, I was able to get in touch with myself again, my beliefs, my dreams, and in the process of being connected with myself, I was given a chance to view my career as an art teacher in a refreshing perspective.The Seven Da Vincian Principles:CuriositaCuriosita is an insatiably curious approach, and this continuous quest for learning is the powerhouse of the Da Vincian spirit.   I realized how important it is to always ask why, why, and why.   Following the exercise, and after listing down questions that are significant to me and contemplating on them, I realized I have a lot I want to learn, and a lot I still want to understand.   I was once again contemplating the meaning of life.In the study of art, I believe the spirit of curiosita is important in the quest to improve one’s skills.   I thought about some questions.   What is aesthetically pleasing?   Why?   And most importantly, how can I make art that is truly aesthetically pleasing?DimostrazioneDimostrazione is a commitment to test knowledge through experience, persistence, and a willingness to learn from mistakes.   The exercises in this section led me to recheck my beliefs, why I believed them, and whether they are valid or not.   Are those beliefs truly mine, or are they simply influenced upon me by society?   Are these beliefs actually wrong?   For that matter, are the standards I have for measuring art truly mine or merely dictated upon me, are they truly the best standards to measure art?   These are the questions that were brought to me.SenzazioneSensazione is the continual refinement of the senses as the means to enliven experience.   Leonardo stated that the average human ‘looks without seeing, listens without hearing, touches without feeling, eats without tasting, moves without physical awareness, inhales without awareness of odour or fragrance, and talks without thinking' and I believe that this is true, to some extent, it even applies to myself.   The exercises here provided a very enjoyable experience.   In this section of the book, it is shown how important it is to be aware of the minute details that our senses tell me—the feel of clothes against my skin, the taste of something really delectable melting in my mouth, the soft sound of heartbeat in my ears.   Beauty can be found in such experience, though how simple the experience may be.   It is from the appreciation of such experience that wonderful ideas of art can come from.   I especially enjoyed delving into the exercise of answering the question ‘if you could bite into the music, what would it taste like?’   as this tries to express one type of sense in terms of another.SfumatoSfumato develops a willingness to embrace ambiguity, paradox, and uncertainty.   Sfumato literally means à ¢â‚¬Å"turn to mist†, which describes the hazy quality of paintings of Leonardo.   From here, I learned that it uncertainty is not necessarily a negative aspect.   In fact, it can be used to enhance art, as Leonardo did.It was in this section that Gelb mentioned how Leonardo would spend his day apparently doing nothing, instead of painting what was tasked to him.   In Leonardo’s words, ‘the greatest geniuses sometimes accomplish more when they work less.'   This is called incubation, and I believe this is true as I have also experienced something similar.   Incubation is most effective when alternating, as Leonardo did, between periods of intense focused work and rest.   Without periods of intense focused work, there is nothing to be incubated.Arte/ScienzaArte/Scienza is whole brain thinking, and the development of the balance between science and art, logic and imagination.   It is important not only to explore the art, but also to learn the science b ehind the art.   Thus, development should not only be in the side of creativity, but also on the side of logic.CorporalitaCorporalita is the cultivation of grace, ambidexterity, fitness, and poise.   It is here that Leonardo emphasizes for us to be healthy.   He warns against anger, and tells us to avoid grievous moods, to rest our head and keep our minds cheerful, to be covered well at night, exercise moderately, eat simple and chew well.   When we are fit, we are at our full potential to be creative.   Also, it is important that we develop not only one side of our body, but both.   In painting, it may be a useful exercise to try to paint with the other, less dominant hand.ConnessioneConnessione is a recognition of and appreciation for the interconnectedness of all things and phenomena.   It emphasizes a systems way of thinking.   A number of scholars have criticized Leonardo for the disorder of his notebooks because he scrawled notes in a random fashion.   But Mi chael Gelb believes that Leonardo's sense of connectedness was so all embracing that his observations were equally valid however they were related to one another.   He saw how everything connected to everything else.I believe this was part of his creativity.   He did not let himself be limited to any rule or order in writing his notes, so he was free to jot down his ideas without anything to hinder him.ReferencesGelb, M. (1998).   How to think like Leonardo Da Vinci:   Seven steps to genius every day.   DellPublishing.

Organization Culture of Harley Davidson Essay

Harley Davidson has a strong organizational culture. The organization transformed its business strategy and aligned its organization strategy to meet the challenges it faced from low cost and fuel efficient Japanese competitors in the late 1970’s. However, the introduction of an online biker community could require certain changes in the organization culture. These changes discussed below will not be radical in nature and would only further strengthen the culture that exists at Harley Davidson and the contribution the culture makes to make the brand a cult. Aspirers and owners perceive Harley Davidson to possess a brand persona that liberates, excites and gives them a sense of identity while still being part of a large family. To strengthen this positioning the organization should continue to focus on its endeavor to make it a gender neutral organization and continue to provide women a succession path in the organizational hierarchy. The organization needs to work a bit harder in achieving an ethnically diverse mix of employees. This is as necessary as the focus on diverse mix of employees coupled with the current organizational encouragement towards ideation would help make the online community a success. The diverse mix of employees will bring together the behavioral understanding required to motivate people to join the community and ensure sustained participation in the community. As even though the initial membership can be offered free with the purchase of an Harley Davidson, subsequent years would require the community member to be motivated enough to go for a paid subscription. The organizations current emphasis on learning should incorporate sharing of ‘learning’s’ that employees have across diverse geographical markets and with a diverse demographic customer base. This would help foster a greater understanding of the needs and wants of an online community and package offerings that would help subscribers gain the maximum. There are a lot of cross functional teams and specialized teams within the organization. This could be a challenge as well as an opportunity. The organizational culture should imbibe a sense of participation amongst various teams to promote the online community. All teams involved including the sales function, brand promotion, technical teams and others need to feel that the selling the online concept is part of the overall organizational strategy. Also all teams/roles have to ensure that operational and strategic support is provided towards this goal. However the entire premise of the online community is the values that the brand seemingly upholds. The organization culture should be continuously strengthened around the ethos of freedom of expression and being part of a larger community to make the online endeavor a success.

Lead Auditors Report on Iso 14001 and Ohsas 18001

Auditees : ____HO s and staff Department : IFC,FEM,HR,KESSB,SSHE,PBB,AH,PH/BS,CARGO ____Date of Audit : _____26TH Nov 2012 – 18th Dec 2012___ Procedure Involved : a) OSH Act 1994 & relevant Regulations b) F&M Act 1967 & relevant Regulations (including BOWEC Reg. 1986) c) OHSAS 18001 Standard d) ISAGO Standards Manual Effective May 2010 2nd Edition e) EMS ISO 14001 StandardAudit Team : 1. En. Meor Badrul Niza bin Ahmad Rafie – Dept :ILS 2. En Amir Syakib Yahya – Dept QAD 3, En. Abdul Razak Sauzi – Dept :QAD 4. En. Zainudin Zaini 5.Cik Nadiah Yahaya| SUMMARY OF AUDITBased on the observation made during this audit, it was noted that KLAS has made a good start-up at launching the OHSAS 18001 and EMS ISO 14001 campaign working towards certification of OHSAS 18001 in 2013 and EMS ISO 14001 in 2014 for example: 1) Workers on site are consistently wearing basic PPE such as Yellow/orange vest and Safety shoes. 2) Almost all workers on site have been SHE inducted. 3 ) Centralised Scheduled Waste store is provided at GSE workshop 4) Consistently and periodically carrying out SHE training such as ERT; Fire fighting and Chemical spill control.However, below are the key improvements that the KLAS team needs to address: 1) To ensure all and every machineries on site are registered before they are used and monthly inspected with upkeep and maintenance done to ensure they are fit to use . 2) Ensure the quality of the inspection carried out is in detail and not just for the sake of inspection. 3) Ensure Security personnel are trained on the Site SHE requirements and they assist by screening employees and give safety briefing to visitors entering the site . ) To ensure all chemical containers are labeled and each chemical shall have its own MSDS and each site shall have its own Chemical Register. The Chemical Register and MSDSs can be placed at the SHE Notice board for easy reference 5) To ensure the scheduled waste management and communication flow is refined and retuned between process owners and scheduled waste store keepers. 6) Accidents and incidents without forgetting near misses are given due attention and investigated thoroughly to prevent future accidents and incidents. ) Compliance to the legal and other requirement are addressed diligently and carefully to avoid unnecessary penalty or hefty summonses. AREA OF CONCERN 1. Ground handling equipments and machineries are in bad shape and require immediate upkeep and maintenance to prevent from accidents and incidents. 2. Manual work involving cargo manual lifting ,distribution and loading or unloading is rampant thus back support PPE is a must unless an engineering control tool is introduced to reduce manual labour. 3.BOMB threat emergency procedure has not been addressed and need to be included in the existing ERP procedure. NON CONFORMANCERefer to CAR listing. | RECOMMENDATIONAs an Auditor, I strongly believe that KLAS Team can excel better than what and where WE currently are and this can be further enhanced by a better and systematic SHE management. | Signature : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Signature : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (Lead Auditor) (Quality Manager)|

Compare & contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compare & contrast - Essay Example Personality From the above brief description, my two friends have very distinct personalities. George is more outgoing and quite a ladies’ man given his athleticism. John on the other hand, is the geek; knows everything, very intelligent and creative but quite boring if you happen to meet him for the first time. At one point, he had interests in quantum physics and would explain in details, what the field of quantum physics entailed, something we did not like and would literally walk away once he started with the complex terminologies. His rich knowledge is however be of help when it comes to tests, as a matter of fact, John has been our private tutor since fourth grade. If it were not for his services to the group as a private tutor, George would have dropped out of high school because all he has maintained over the many years of our friendship has been the muscles and good looks, his grades have been on the floor. With John’s services however, we can today say that ou r handsome friend’s grades are average. His outgoing personality is conversely very useful when it comes to reaching out to the females. Beautiful girls ask to be around us thanks to the quarter back. How we would miss the invitations to parties if George was not our friend. He has literally transformed our social lives with his charms on the females. Family Backgrounds My two friends have unique and interesting family backgrounds. The geek; John, has both his parents not only rich, but also living together. A single mother on the other hand, has raised George the hunky, his father was an alcoholic and walked out of them when he was in the first grade. This makes our group very interesting because when we go visiting at John’s family home, where we often visit because of the bowling alley in their basement, everything seems to be in order unlike at George’s where important toys are not available. John’s father is an investment banker possibly enjoying hug e yearend bonuses; that bowling alley sure looks too expensive to put up without a bonus. What is interesting is that even with the diversity in our family backgrounds, we have over the years made such an enviable pack of three and the disparities in our backgrounds is never visible. The main reason why John declined the offer to go to a private high school was the ‘clique’. He feared the civility in these exclusive schools and was worried that he could be out of touch with the clique if he stayed away too long. This is one sacrifice that we appreciate because we have no idea how life would be if the private tutor left us, those tests would be impossible, or worse still, George would not be a quarter back because he would have dropped out years ago, how sad would that be? Conclusion My friends are very important people to me because each adds value in a unique way. From the brief comparison, it has clearly emerged that these are two very distinct people in terms of pers onality and upbringing yet we hold one common value; true friendship. The ‘clique’ as we like to call ourselves, is what it is because of the different values each one of us adds to the team. Over the years of friendship with George and John, I have come to appreciate that God has good intentions in creating us in unique images, and putting us in the respective families. Through this diversity, we grow to be unique and proceed to make

Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Consumer Culture - Essay Example However the case for Thorstein Veblen, he argued the differences of the working class and not of the society as a whole. Hooks in the rest of the book looks in to investigating latency even with class matters, and also the far reaching singular and aggregate disappointment to assume ownership over class disparity. She contends that our commitment as natives who want equity is to develop an ethic of solidarity with the poor that incorporates a pledge to living essentially and offering assets. Similarly as with huge numbers of her different books and expositions, Hooks’ examination of class coordinates reflection on her knowledge of intersection class limits as she moved from her position as a youngster from a working population family in an isolated dark neighborhood to her position as a tenured teacher and open erudite. A few book lovers may not like the way snares rehashes a few stories from individual encounter in the book, however as she notes, her attentiveness to class progress keeps on being formed by the reconsidering and retelling of her encounters . To be honest, Hooks duty to genuinely recognizing the significances of her political investigation for her particular life has dependably been one of the extraordinary qualities of her written work. By arranging her dialog in the setting of her moving connection to class benefit, snares epitomizes a focal claim in the book that genuine solidarity (instead of sympathy) with destitute is conceivable just throug h a readiness both to basically think about where each of us stands inside worldwide class chains of importance and to test class disparities through our movements. Consistent with snares, equity obliges a continuous attention of class molded by a difference that interdependency supports the life of the planet. In her exchanges of broad communications, consumerism, lodging, training, antiracism, and womans rights, hooks

Management portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Management portfolio - Essay Example Project size can range from small to medium and the type could be large scale creation and type of built environment for example regeneration. Some of the critical determinants essential for full-fledged functionality of Civil Engineering the cross-functional processes adding value to the civil engineering system through effective concept and value designs. Some of the important areas of focus to enumerate the aspects of civil engineering are Each of the categories plays a pivotal role to understand the aspects of civil engineering and relationship between civil engineering and the respective categories and functions. Finally, there is a need to devise a document control process to ensure the accuracy of the information and also research on the relevance of the same in various aspects. The entire portfolio is supported with effective case studies, schematic diagrams and data tables for better understanding and application. It is important to understand the regulatory requirements in civil engineering for better functionality of the stream. These regulatory requirements are Health and Safety, Environmental and other specific regulatory like Buildings, Railways and Highways. In order to correlate the Health, Safety and Environmental aspect of management with the civil engineering management, there are many postulated theories explaining the need for the same.Risk involved in any health and safety is the accidents. An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled event that resulted in personal injury, property damage and/or some other loss, or could have resulted in personal injury, property damage and/or some other loss in slightly different circumstances Case study example CLIENT COMMITMENT AND ATTITUDE TO CONSTRUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY IN BOTSWANA Objective To identify present findings of a preliminary survey on the extent to which clients are involved in construction health and safety (H&S) implementation in Botswana. Methodology - A questionnaire survey was conduct ed on construction projects to establish the extent to which clients are involved in construction H&S. Physical observations were also conducted on construction sites in order to relate questionnaire responses to what was actually obtained on sites.